Supplemental Security Income, or SSI, is a federal program that pays a monthly cash benefit to people aged 65 or older, blind or disabled who have limited income and few resources. Although it is run by the Social Security Administration, it is not the same as Social Security retirement benefits and does not depend on your work history.
SSI versus Social Security
Social Security retirement benefits are earned through payroll taxes and paid regardless of your other income. SSI is a needs-based program funded from general tax revenue. You can receive both at the same time if your Social Security benefit is low enough, and many seniors do.
Who qualifies
To be eligible at 65 or older you generally must be a U.S. citizen or qualified non-citizen, live in the United States, and have income and countable resources below the program limits. Countable resources include cash, bank accounts and most investments; your home, one vehicle and personal belongings are usually not counted. The income rules are complex because some income is disregarded, so people who assume they earn too much are sometimes surprised to qualify.
What SSI provides
SSI pays a monthly federal benefit that is reduced by your countable income. Many states add a supplement on top of the federal amount. In most states, qualifying for SSI also makes you automatically eligible for Medicaid, which can be as valuable as the cash payment itself, and it often helps you qualify for SNAP food assistance.
How to apply
You can start an application online at ssa.gov, by phone, or at a local Social Security office. Have your Social Security number, proof of age, citizenship or immigration status, information about your income and resources, and details of where you live. Applications can take several weeks or months to process, so apply as soon as you think you may be eligible; payments are not made for months before the application date.
Keeping your benefits
Once approved you must report changes in income, resources, living arrangements and marital status. Failing to report can lead to overpayments that must be repaid. The SSA reviews eligibility periodically, so keep records of your bank balances and any income you receive.
